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Background@#Mechanical ventilation, particularly one-lung ventilation (OLV), can cause pulmonary dysfunction. This meta-analysis assessed the effects of dexmedetomidine on the pulmonary function of patients receiving OLV. @*Methods@#The Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry databases were systematically searched. The primary outcome was oxygenation index (OI). Other outcomes including the incidence of postoperative complications were assessed. @*Results@#Fourteen randomized controlled trials involving 845 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Dexmedetomidine improved the OI at 30 (mean difference [MD]: 40.49, 95% CI [10.21, 70.78]), 60 (MD: 60.86, 95% CI [35.81, 85.92]), and 90 min (MD: 55, 95% CI [34.89, 75.11]) after OLV and after surgery (MD: 28.98, 95% CI [17.94, 40.0]) and improved lung compliance 90 min after OLV (MD: 3.62, 95% CI [1.7, 5.53]). Additionally, dexmedetomidine reduced the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (odds ratio: 0.44, 95% CI [0.24, 0.82]) and length of hospital stay (MD: −0.99, 95% CI [−1.25, −0.73]); decreased tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and malondialdehyde levels; and increased superoxide dismutase levels. However, only the results for the OI and IL-6 levels were confirmed by the sensitivity and trial sequential analyses. @*Conclusions@#Dexmedetomidine improves oxygenation in patients receiving OLV and may additionally decrease the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications and shorten the length of hospital stay, which may be related to associated improvements in lung compliance, anti-inflammatory effects, and regulation of oxidative stress reactions. However, robust evidence is required to confirm these conclusions.
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Abstract@#The adiposity peak (AP) and adiposity rebound (AR) are the highest and lowest points of the body mass index (BMI) growth trajectory in early life. They are also the most significant characteristics. Epidemiological studies have reported the timings and BMI magnitudes of AP and AR in different populations worldwide. Others have observed the impacts of prenatal, postpartum, feeding, economic and social factors on the timing and magnitude of them. In addition, longitudinal studies have tracked the health effect of the timing and magnitude of them on many adverse health outcomes in later life. Based on literature reviews, we summarize the global epidemiological characteristics of AP and AR, while identifying pre and early life determinants as well as their possible long term health effects, so as to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and management of obesity and related chronic diseases. We also highlight current controversies regarding this issue, while outlining directions for future research.
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Objective@#To explore the characteristics of the adiposity peak and rebound in early life among first year primary school students with different body weight measures, so as to provide scientific evidence for the development of prevention interventions to manage childhood overweight and obesity.@*Methods@#A total of 2 330 first year primary school students who received routine physical examinations from September to December in 2019 were selected. According to body mass index (BMI) status, participants were divided into three categories:healthy weight, overweight, and obese. The BMI growth trajectories of the three groups were fitted by gender using the generalized additive mixed model from 1 to 80 months, retrospectively. Each subject s age at the adiposity peak and rebound, and associated BMI values, were calculated.@*Results@#The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 16.31 % (380/ 2 330 ) and 16.09% (375/2 330), respectively. For first year students with obesity, the BMI value continued to be higher than their overweight or healthy weight counterparts during the first 80 months of life. The age at the adiposity peak for these students, whose BMI status varied, was about nine months. However, the BMI of children with overweight or obesity was much higher than that of healthy weight subjects. Age at adiposity rebound was 72 months for healthy weight children, 52 to 55 months in children defined as overweight, and 22 to 23 months in children with obesity. For healthy weight children, the fitted value of BMI at the adiposity rebound was less than that of overweight and obese children.@*Conclusion@#Age at the adiposity peak was largely similar among first year students with different BMI patterns; however, age at adiposity rebound was different. Age at adiposity rebound among children with obesity was much earlier than that of other subjects, and their BMI values were much higher.
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Objective@#To explore the influence of birth weight and growth patterns during infancy on overweight and obesity among first grade primary school pupils, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of early life prevention and intervention policies.@*Methods@#In 2019, data related to routine physical examinations were collected for primary school pupils in the Minhang District of Shanghai, and information regarding birth and follow ups was collected retrospectively. Physical examination data of 4 434 pupils at 12 months of age were obtained. A multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between growth patterns during infancy and body mass index (BMI) in the first grade of primary school. A generalized linear model was employed to analyze the relationship between birth weight and growth patterns during infancy and overweight and obesity in the first grade of primary school. A hierarchical analysis was conducted.@*Results@#A linear relationship was observed between growth patterns during infancy and BMI and the BMI Z score of first grade primary school pupils [ β(β 95%CI)=0.30(0.24-0.35),0.12(0.10- 0.15 ), P <0.01]. In addition to subjects classified as small for gestational age (SGA), catch up growth during infancy was identified among subjects who were classified as appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and large for gestational age (LGA). LGA at birth and catch up growth during infancy were independent risk factors for overweight and obesity among first grade primary school children ( RR =1.31-1.55, P <0.05). The hierarchical analysis showed that catch up growth increased the risk of overweight and obesity among first grade primary school pupils classified as AGA [ RR(RR 95%CI )=1.74(1.42-2.14),1.87(1.56-2.26)], and increased the risk of obesity among first grade primary school pupils classified as SGA and LGA [ RR(RR 95%CI )=3.74(1.04-13.49),3.24(1.62-6.46)]( P <0.05). Among those who exhibited catch up growth during infancy, LGA increased the risk of obesity among first grade primary school pupils ( RR= 2.60 , 95%CI=1.35-5.02, P <0.01), but not the risk of being overweight ( P =0.13).@*Conclusion@#Birth weight and growth patterns during infancy have an impact on overweight and obesity among children in the first grade of primary school. It is suggested that attention should be paid to growth and physical development in early life for those classified as LGA and AGA, and catch up growth in children should be closely monitored.
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Objective@#To explore the effect of breastfeeding duration on age at adiposity rebound, and provide a scientific theoretical basis for identifying early life factors of obesity in children and adolescents, while promoting early intervention.@*Methods@#In September 2019, first graders from a primary school in Minhang District, Shanghai, were selected to participate in this study, and their growth information was retrospectively collected. The natural cubic spline function was used to fit the body mass index trajectory of the subjects from 1 to 80 months, and age at adiposity rebound was calculated. A total of 6 148 subjects were selected, and complete data of adiposity rebound timing and breastfeeding duration were obtained. A multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between these two variables.@*Results@#The average breastfeeding duration of all children included in the study was (3.71±3.28) months, and most of the subjects (69.63% for male and 70.45% for female) were breastfed for less than 4 months. A positive linear relationship was found between them [male, B =0.16(0.02-0.30), female, B =0.34(0.18- 0.51 ), total, B =0.23(0.12-0.34), P <0.05]. The linear relationship was determined using the multivariate model.@*Conclusion@#Breastfeeding duration independently affected age at adiposity rebound. Prolonging the duration of breastfeeding within 24 months of age may help to delay the timing of adiposity rebound,and thus reduce later risks of overweight and obesity.
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ABSTRACT Background: Previous studies showed consistent results for associations between circulating concentrations of vitamin D and risk of antenatal, postnatal depression. Methods: Articles published in English before November 2020 were searched in databases as follows: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Medline, Google Scholar and Cochrane. These articles explored associations between circulating concentrations of vitamin D and risk of antenatal, postnatal depression.The present meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 12.0 software. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) extracted from included studies were computed using a random effects model or a fixed effects model according to heterogeneities between included studies. Q test and I2 were used to explore heterogeneities between included studies. Results: 7 cohort studies (including 1567 depression cases and 5254 controls) and 3 case-control studies (including 995 depression cases and 1265 controls) were included in the present study. The study showed that low circulating levels of 25-hydroxy (OH) vitamin D is significantly associated with a higher risk of antenatal and postnatal depression (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.04, I2 = 90.7%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our results have shown that the low level of vitamin D may be an adverse factor of antenatal and postnatal depression.
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Objective@#To analyze the correlation between stage of oral disease and the transformation of children dental anxiety in first visit. @*Methods@#Children aged 45 to 74 months (13.7~6.2) years old with molar caries in the first visit were selected and divided into three groups: the acute stage group, the non-acute stage group, and the conventional examination group. The face version of the modified child dental anxiety scale (MCDASf) was used to evaluate the changes of anxiety before and after treatment. @*Results@#The data of correlation among 3 groups about dental anxiety showed a statistical difference (χ2 = 9.132, P = 0.010). Compared with acute stage group and non-acute stage group, a statistical significance in dental anxiety can be found (P<0.012 5). There was no correlation between anxiety prognosis and gender (P>0.05). @*Conclusion @#The occurrence and transformation of dental anxiety in children varied with different stage of oral disease. Dental anxiety can be improved significantly by appropriate therapy and behavior management.
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6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD, E.C.: 1.1.1.44) was purified and characterized from the hepatopancreas of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) for the first time. Grass carp represents the second largest aquaculture industry in the world after silver carp, constituting 14.7% of the world aquaculture production, with an average annual increase of 14% in China, mainly as a source of food. The purification procedure involved a single 2’, 5’-ADP-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatographic step by using different elution buffers. The enzyme was purified 309-fold with a specific activity of 5.259 U/mg protein and yield of 68%. The purity and subunit molecular weights of the 6-PGD were checked on SDS-PAGE and purified enzyme showed a single band on the gel. The subunit molecular mass was 57 kDa, with an optimum pH, temperature and ionic strength at 7.96, 50oC and 100 mM Tris-HCl, respectively. The Km values of 6-PGA and NADP+ were 0.019 and 0.0052 mM, respectively, while Vm of 6-PGA and NADP+ was 0.69 U/ml. Dissociation constants (Ki) for 6-PGA and NADP+ were 2.05 and 0.12 mM, respectively. NADPH inhibited the enzyme in a competitive manner and its Ki value was 0.032 mM. The Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Al3+ showed inhibitory effects on the enzyme with IC50 values of 0.293, 0.099, 0.045 and 1.526 mM, respectively. All tested metals inhibited the enzyme in a competitive manner, indicating that these metals might be toxic even at low concentrations for the 6-PGD. As the fish is one of valuable foodstuff of animal sources for human consumption, under certain environmental conditions, metal ions accumulated in fish up to a lethal concentration may be harmful for human health. Therefore, it is impending to reduce the concentration of metal ions in contaminated lakes and rivers for fishery and also for human health.
Subject(s)
Animals , Carps , Hepatopancreas/enzymology , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Kinetics , Phosphates/metabolism , Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase/isolation & purification , Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , TemperatureABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To introduce the principle, procedure, efficacy and application of SNPstream genotyping technology.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Genotyping results of 152 SNPs were used to analyze the feasibility, call rate and accuracy of SNPstream technology.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For the 152 selected SNPs, 122 SNPs can be genotyped with SNPstream, for which 116 SNPs were successfully genotyped. Replication study showed that the repeatability of genotyping is 99%. When the allele cluster was clear, the accuracy can reach 100%. But when the allele cluster was obscure, the accuracy was only 93.8%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SNPstream technology has the advantages of high accuracy, flexible throughput, and high cost performance, and may have a wide application for medical genetics research.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Alleles , Genetics, Medical , Methods , Genotyping Techniques , Methods , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Genetics , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Objective To study the correlation of blood gas analysis and diabetes mellitus in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)patients and its clinical significance.Methods One hundred and twenty-five patients with stable phase COPD patients including 69 cages with COPD combined with diabetes mellitus(experimental group),56 patients with COPD alone(control group).The blood gas analysis and pulmonary function were detected.Results The simple pulmonary function forced vital capacity(FVC),vital capacity(VC),forced expired volume in one second(FEV1),peak expiratory flow (PEF)(25%-75%)and the diffusion function parameters diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide of the lung (DLCO),DLCO/PRED in control group were significantly higher than those in experimental group(P0.05].Conclusion COPD combined with diabetes mellitus may lead to some damage in lung function and diffusion function,it should be noted in the clinieal treatment of reasonable adjustments in treatment.